Миграционный кризис в Европе и выводы для Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона
Научная статья
Выражение признательности
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Вьетнамского национального университета в Ханое (ВНУ) в рамках научного проекта № QG.20.30.
Для цитирования
Фунг Чи К., Ле Мин К., Нгуен Лан Н. Миграционный кризис в Европе и выводы для Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона // ДЕМИС. Демографические исследования. 2022. Том 2. № 1. С. 28–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.1.3 (in English).
Аннотация
Международная миграция, особенно проблема беженцев, сегодня является одним из самых острых глобальных вопросов. Миграционный кризис в Европе 2015 – начала 2016 гг. стал новым свидетельством сложнейшего характера данной проблемы и ее комплексного воздействия на жизнь общества. Европейский миграционный кризис породил множество политических, экономических и социальных сложностей, в результате чего Европа столкнулась с одним из самых больших вызовов за последнее время. Говоря о ситуации в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе на данный момент, следует отметить, что негативные последствия пандемии COVID-19 обостряют проблемы миграции и связанные с ними вопросы для многих стран региона. В свете этого целесообразно обратиться к опыту европейских стран в период кризиса 2015–2016 гг. и использовать его для разработки и реализации миграционной политики в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе на текущем этапе. Однако число научных исследований, посвященных анализу политических последствий миграции, на сегодняшний день невелико. Поэтому в данной статье причины и последствия европейского миграционного кризиса 2015–2016 гг. рассматриваются с политической точки зрения с целью обосновать некоторые рекомендации по управлению миграционными процессами и предложить пути выхода из сложной ситуации, в которой Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион находится в данном плане сегодня.
Ключевые слова:
миграция, миграционный кризис, политические последствия, Европа, Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион, пандемия COVID-19
Литература
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2. Tagliapietra A. The European Migration Crisis: A Pendulum between the Internal and External Dimensions. Rome: Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), 2019. 22 p. ISBN: 978-88-9368-104-9.
3. Niemann A., Zaun N. EU Refugee Policies and Politics in Times of Crisis: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Journal of Common Market Studies. 2018. Vol. 56. No. 1. Pp. 3–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12650.
4. Karolewski I., Benedikter R. Europe’s Refugee and Migrant Crisis. Political Responses to Asymmetrical Pressures. Politique Européenne. 2018. Vol. 60. No. 2. Pp. 98–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/poeu.060.0098.
5. Geddes A., Scholten P. The Politics of Migration and Immigration in Europe. London: Sage, 2016. 288 p. ISBN: 9781473982703. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473982703.
6. Hugo G. Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region. Geneva: Global Commission on International Migration, 2005. 61 p. URL: https://www.iom.int/resources/migration-asia-pacific-region-graeme-hugo.
7. United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Asia‑Pacific Migration Report 2020: Assessing Implementation of the Global Compact for Migration (ST/ESCAP/2801). Bangkok: United Nations, 2020. 225 p. URL: https://www.unescap.org/resources/asia-pacific-migration-report-2020.
8. International Organization for Migration. Asia-Pacific Migration Data Report 2020. Bangkok: International Organization for Migration Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 2021. 161 p. Reference No. PUB2021/119/R. URL: https://publications.iom.int/books/asia-pacific-migration-data-report-2020.
9. Disrupted: How COVID-19 is Affecting Societies across Asia / Günther M., I. Mischke, L. Gölnitz (eds.). Singapore: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Office for Regional Cooperation in Asia, 2020. 131 p. URL: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/singapur/16819.pdf.
10. Pacific Climate Change Migration and Human Security Programme. Impacts of COVID-19 on Labour Mobility in the Pacific Region. Electronic publication. 4 p. URL: https://apmigration.ilo.org/resources/impacts-of-covid-19-on-labour-mobility-in-the-pacific-region/.
11. Inter-Agency Standing Committee. Interim Guidance on Scaling-up COVID-19 Outbreak Readiness and Response Operations in Camps and Camp-like Settings / IFRC, IOM, UNHCR, WHO, 2020. Electronic publication. 8 p. URL: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/camp-coordination-and-management/interim-guidance-scaling-covid-19-outbreak-readiness-and-response-operations-camps-and-camp-settings.
12. OHCHR. COVID-19 and the Human Rights of Migrants: Guidance. 7 April 2020. Electronic publication. 3 p. URL: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Migration/OHCHRGuidance_COVID19_Migrants.pdf.
13. World Health Organization. Interim Guidance for Refugee and Migrant Health in Relation to COVID-19 in the WHO European Region. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2020. 7 p. URL: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/434978/Interim-guidance-refugee-and-migrant-health-COVID-19.pdf.
14. World Health Organization. Preparedness, Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) for Refugees and Migrants in Non-Camp Settings. 17 April 2020. Electronic publication. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1275039/retrieve.
15. McAdam M. COVID-19 Impacts on the Labour Migration and Mobility of Young Women and Girls in South-East Asia and the Pacific. Geneva: International Organization for Migration, 2020. 17 p. ISBN: 978-92-9068-856-3.
16. The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Its 1967 Protocol / United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Geneva: UNHCR, 2011. 13 p. URL: https://www.unhcr.org/about-us/background/4ec262df9/1951-convention-relating-status-refugees-its-1967-protocol.html.
17. Vuong Dat Chau [Vương Dật Châu]. International Security in the Age of Globalization [An ninh quốc tế trong thời đại toàn cầu hoá]. Hanoi [Hà Nội]: National Political Publishing House [Chính trị quốc gia], 2004. 818 p. (In Viet.)
18. IOM’s Migration Crisis Operational Framework / International Organization for Migration. Electronic publication. 2 p. URL: https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/migrated_files/What-We-Do/docs/IOM_MCOF_Infosheet_10March2013.pdf.
19. Von Helldorff J. The EU Migration Dilemma. Berlin: Heinrich Böll Foundation, 2015. 11 p. URL: https://eu.boell.org/sites/default/files/uploads/2015/09/the_eu_migration_dilemma.pdf.
20. Le Quang Minh, Le Minh Quang, Phung Chi Kien [Lê Quang Minh, Lê Minh Quang, Phùng Chí Kiên]. The Rise of Italian Populism In Recent Years: Causes And Forecasts [Sự trỗi dậy của chủ nghĩa dân túy Ý trong những năm gần đây: Nguyên nhân và dự báo]. European Studies [Nghiên cứu Châu Âu]. 2021. No. 2. Pp. 70–83. (In Viet.)
21. Kriesi H., Schulte-Cloos J. Support for Radical Parties in Western Europe: Structural Conflicts and Political Dynamics. Electoral Studies. 2020. Vol. 65. Article No. 102138. 19 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102138.
22. Metcalfe-Hough V. A migration crisis? Facts, challenges and possible solutions. London: Overseas Development Institute, 2015. 6 p. URL: https://odi.org/documents/4974/9913.pdf.
Статья
Поступила: 15.11.2021
Опубликована: 28.02.2022
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Фунг Чи, К., Ле Мин, К., & Нгуен Лан, Н. (2022). Миграционный кризис в Европе и выводы для Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона. ДЕМИС. Демографические исследования, 2(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2022.2.1.3
Раздел
Население и кризисы
