Demographic and Economic Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Russian Federation
Research Article
How to Cite
Smirnov A.V. Demographic and Economic Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Russian Federation. DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2025. Vol. 5. No. 2. P. 22-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2025.5.2.2 (in Russ.).
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, as of March 2025, excess mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic in the world amounted to 7.1 million people, about 778 million people fell ill with a new coronavirus infection. The purpose of the article is to assess the demographic and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to globalization, countries have become vulnerable in biological, medical and economic aspects. The pandemic had a significant impact on the excess mortality of the population, but only a minor impact on the birth rate. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has gone beyond the direct impact on the morbidity and mortality of the population. Due to the introduction of quarantine measures, a decrease in demand for goods and services, in most countries there was a decrease in the level of gross domestic product (GDP), an increase in unemployment, and an increase in income inequality. The reason for the drop in a greater proportion of socio-economic indicators in 2020 is the introduced covid restrictions, rather than the demographic and medical consequences of the pandemic. The crisis caused by the pandemic is unique. Global GDP decreased by 3.4% in 2020. The decline in GDP was significantly affected by quarantine measures, but not by excessive mortality. The pandemic in Russia has had an impact on the economic behavior of households. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a migration collapse. A significant proportion of the victims are migrant workers.
Keywords:
pandemic, COVID-19, excess mortality, life expectancy
References
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2. Ryazantsev, S. V., Smirnov, A. V. The Preconditions of Occurrence and Social Demographic Consequences of Pandemics. Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine. 2021. Vol. 29, No. 3. Pp. 389–397. DOI 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-389-397. (In Russ.).
3. Malthus, T. R. Opyt zakona o narodonaselenii [An Essay on the Principle of Population]. Translated by I. А. Verner. Moscow : K. T. Soldatenkov, 1895. 251 p. (In Russ.).
4. Yanson, Yu. E. Sravnitel’naya statistika Rossii i zapadno-yevropeyskikh gosudarstv [Comparative statistics of Russia and Western European states] : Vol. 1: Territoriya i naseleniye [Territory and population]. St. Petersburg : M. Stasyulevich Publ. House, 1878. 373 p. (In Russ.).
5. Sorokin, P. A. Chelovek i obshchestvo v usloviyakh bedstviy : vliyaniye voyny, revolyutsii, goloda, epidemii na intellekt i povedeniye cheloveka, sotsial’nuyu organizatsiyu i kul’turnuyu zhizn’ [Man and Society in Calamity: The Effects of War, Revolution, Famine, Pestilence Upon Human Mind, Behavior, Social Organization and Cultural Life]. Translated from Endlish by V. V. Sapov. Moscow : Akademicheskiy proyekt Publ., 2022. 399 p. ISBN 978-5-8291-3714-4. (In Russ.).
6. Urlanis, B. Ts. Evolyutsiya prodolzhitel’nosti zhizni [Evolution of life-span]. Moscow : Statistika Publ., 1978. 310 p. (In Russ.).
7. McNeil, W. Epidemii i narody [Epidemics and People]. Translated by N. Protsenko and A. Chernyaev. Moscow: Dmitry Pozharsky University Publ., 2021. 446 p. ISBN 978-5-91244-286-5. (In Russ.).
8. Omran, A. R. The Epidemiologic Transition Theory Revisited Thirty Years Later. Demographic Review. 2019. Vol. 6, No. 1. Pp. 177–216. DOI https://doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v6i1.9117. (In Russ.).
9. Aganbegyan, A. G. O katastroficheskom uvelichenii smertnosti i merakh po sberezheniyu naroda v Rossii [On the catastrophic increase in mortality and measures to save the people in Russia]. Moscow : INES Publ., 2021. 72 p. ISBN 978-5-93618-298-3.
10. Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Hoang, V. T., Le Bui, N., Chu, D. T., Memish, Z. A. The Emergence of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 Variant: What is the Impact on the Continued Pandemic? Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 2. Pp.143–146. DOI 10.1007/s44197-022-00032-w.
11. Fisman, D. N., Tuite, A. R. Evaluation of the Relative Virulence of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2021. Vol. 193, No. 42. E1619–E1625. DOI 10.1503/cmaj.211248.
12. Ryazantsev, S., Vazirov, Z., Khramova, M., Smirnov, A. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Position of Labor Migrants from Central Asia in Russia. Central Asia and the Caucasus. 2020. Vol. 23, No. 3. Pp. 64–76. DOI 10.37178/ca-c.20.3.06. (In Russ.).
13. Gagnon, J. E., Kamin, S. B., Kearns, J. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Global GDP Growth. Journal of The Japanese and International Economies. 2023. № 68. 101258. DOI 10.37178/ca-c.20.3.06.
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15. Kremlev, N. D., Drozdova, I. A. Assessment of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incomes and Adaptation of the Population of the Region to It: Statistical Approach. Statistics and Economics. 2022. Vol. 19, No. 1. Pp. 46–52. DOI 10.21686/2500-3925-2022-1-46-52. (In Russ.).
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17. Agapova, T. A. Makroekonomika [Macroeconomics] : Textbook. Ed. by A. V. Sidorovich ; Lomonosov Moscow State University. 6th ed. T. A. Agapova, S. F. Seregina. Moscow : Delo i Servis Publ., 2004. 448 p. (In Russ.).
18. Topilin, A. V. The Labor Market in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Employment Support Measures and Expected Results. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. 2022. Vol. 22, No. 2. Pp. 51–56. DOI 10.52531/1682-1696-2022-22-2-51-56. (In Russ.).
Article
Received: 01.04.2025
Accepted: 30.06.2025
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Smirnov, A. V. (2025). Demographic and Economic Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Russian Federation. DEMIS. Demographic Research, 5(2), 22-39. https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2025.5.2.2
Section
Health, Self-Preservation Behavior, and Mortality
